Picking a welder for a small shop
Most welder questions come down to three things: what you're welding, how thick it is, and what power you have in the shop. Start there and the list gets short fast.
MIG, TIG, stick or multi-process
MIG is the workhorse for steel fab: trailers, brackets, gates, frames. It's the fastest to learn and the fastest on the clock. With flux-core wire it works outside in a breeze without a gas bottle.
TIG is slower and takes more practice, but it's the process for thin material, stainless, and aluminum (with an AC machine). If you want clean welds on tube and sheet, this is it.
Stick handles dirty, rusty and outdoor steel and thick repair work, and the machines are simple. It's the least forgiving on thin material.
Multi-process machines do MIG, stick and TIG from one box. You give up some duty cycle and convenience against dedicated machines, but for a one-welder shop that does a bit of everything, it's often the right call.
120V vs 240V
A dual-voltage machine lets you start on a regular outlet and move to a 240V welder circuit later. On 120V, most MIG machines top out around 3/16 in. steel in one pass. On 240V the same machine typically reaches 3/8 in. If you can run a 240V circuit to the shop, you'll get far more out of almost any welder. Each listing shows the plug, the input amps and what the machine does on each voltage.
Duty cycle, in plain terms
Duty cycle is how many minutes out of ten a machine can weld at a given amperage before it needs to cool. A 60% rating at 160 A means six minutes of welding, four minutes of rest. Small-shop work rarely runs a machine at its limit for long, but if you do long passes on thick material, compare duty cycle at the amperage you'll actually use, not the top number.
What you'll need besides the welder
Plan for a gas cylinder (C25 for steel MIG, straight argon for TIG and aluminum), wire or rod, a helmet, gloves and a jacket, and a cart if the machine doesn't come with one. Each listing has a "What else you'll need" box so the total cost isn't a surprise.
